ἀντί

ἀντί, Prep. governing gen.:—orig. sense,

A over against. (Cf. Skt. a/nti 'opposite', 'facing', Lat. ante, etc.)

A USAGE:

I of Place, opposite, over against, formerly quoted from several places of Hom., as Il.21.481 ἀντὶ ἐμεῖο (where now ἀντί' ἐμεῖο, i.e. ἀντία) Τρώων ἄνθ' ἑκατόν (i.e. ἄντα) 8.233; so ἄντ' Αἴαντος (i.e. ἄντα) 15.415, cf. Od.4.115, Hes.Op.727; but ἀντί is so used in X.An.4.7.6, IG2.835c-l68; αἱ ὀπαὶ αἱ γιγνόμεναι ἀ. τόρμων mortises facing tenons, Hero Bel.97.5; ἀντὶ μαιτύρων in the presence of witnesses, Leg.Gort.1.40;

ἀντὶ τῆς ὄψεως ἡμῶν Eudox.Ars18

.

II of Time, ἀντὶ νυκτός the same night, SIG1025.43 ([place name] Cos);

ἀντὶ ϝέτεος GDI2561

A45 (Delph.);

ἀντ' ἐνιαυτοῦ IG5(2).266.8

(Mantinea, i B.C.); ἀνθ' ἡμέρας· δι' ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρας, Hsch.; cf. ἀντετοῦς.

III instead, in the place of,

Ἕκτορος ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι Il.24.254

;

ἀντὶ γάμοιο τάφον Od.20.307

; so later

πολέμιος ἀντὶ φίλου καταστῆναι Hdt.1.87

;

ἀντὶ ἡμέρης νὺξ ἐγένετο Id.7.37

;

ἀντὶ φωτῶν σποδός A.Ag.434

;

τὸν πόλεμον ἀντ' εἰρήνης μεταλαμβάνειν Th.1.120

, cf. 4.20, 7.75;

βασιλεύειν ἀντί τινος X.An.1.1.4

; also

ἀντὶ ἄρχεσθαι ὑπ' ἄλλων ἄρχειν ἁπάντων Hdt.1.210

, cf.6.32, 7.170 (where the usual constr. would be ἀντὶ τοῦ ἄρχεσθαι, cf. Th.7.28, X.Cyr.6.2.19, etc.);

ὀργίλοι ἀντὶ θυμοειδοῦς γεγένηνται Pl.R.411c

: sts. used elliptically, ἦ 'τολμήσατ' ἀντ' ἐμοῦ δοῦναί τινι; i.e. ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐμοὶ δοῦναι, S.Ph.369, cf. OC448, Ar.Av.58.

2 in Hom. often to denote equivalence, ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστιν ἀνήρ he is as good as many men, Il.9.116; ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνος . . τέτυκται a guest is as much as a brother, Od.8.546; ἀντί τοί εἰμ' ἱκέταο I am as a suppliant, Il.21.75, cf. 8.163; so later τοῦτό σφι ἀντὶ λουτροῦ ἐστί serves as a bath, Hdt.4.75; ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον to be as hostages for . ., Th.2.5; δουλεύειν ἀντὶ ἀργυρωνήτων just like bought slaves, D.17.3;

ἀντὶ [πλεύμονος] βράγχια Arist. PA669a4

.

3 to denote exchange, at the price of, in return for,

σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τῶνδ' ἀντὶ χάριν . . δοῖεν Il.23.650

; νῆσον ἀντὶ χρημάτων παρέλαβον for money paid, Hdt.3.59;

ἀντ' ἀργυρίου ἀλλάξασθαι Pl.R. 371d

;

ἀμείβειν τι ἀντί τινος Pi.P.4.17

, cf. E.Or.646,651;

ἀντὶ ποίας εὐεργεσίας; Lys.6.40

, etc.;

τί δ' ἐστὶν ἀνθ' οὗ . .; S.Ant.237

;

ὄνειδος ἀνθ' ὅτου Id.OC967

; δοίην ἀντ' ἀνιῶν ἀνίας grief for grief, Thgn.344;

ἀντ' ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθοῖσι βρύοις A.Supp.966

:—hence

ἀνθ' ὧν

wherefore,

A.Pr.31

, S.OT264, Th.6.83, Ev.Luc.12.3;

ἀντὶ τούτου

therefore,

Ep.Eph.5.31

; but ἀνθ' ὧν also for ἀντὶ τούτων ὄτι . ., because, S.Ant. 1068, Ar.Pl.434;

ἀντὶ τοῦ;

wherefore? why?

S.OT1021

; also

ἀνθ' ὧν ὅτι ἦτε . .

instead of being as you were . .,

LXX De.28.62

.

4 for the sake of, Pl.Mx.237a, Arist.EN1110a21; with Verbs of entreaty, like πρός c. gen.,

ἀντὶ παίδων ἱκετεύομέν σε S.OC1326

.

5 to mark comparison, ἓν ἀνθ' ἑνός one set against the other, compared with it, Pl.R.331b, Lg.705b; χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος, i.e. ever-increasing grace, Ev.Jo.1.16; in preference to,

ἀφνεὸν βούλεται ἀντ' ἀγαθοῦ Thgn.188

;

ἀντὶ αὐλοῦ καὶ ἀντὶ κιθάρας ὁ ἦχος ἀκούεται Demetr.Eloc. 71

;

αἱρεῖσθαί τι ἀντί τινος Isoc.9.3

, D.1.1, cf. X.Lac.9.1: even after Comparatives,

πλέον ἀντὶ σοῦ S.Tr.577

;

μείζον' ὅστις ἀντὶ τῆς αὑτοῦ πάτρας φίλον νομίζει Id.Ant.182

; so (esp. after a neg.)

ἄλλος ἀντ' ἐμοῦ A.Pr.467

, S.Aj.444, Ar.Nu.653;

δόξαν ἀντὶ τοῦ ζῆν ἠγαπηκώς Plu.Alex.42

.

B POSITION: ἀντί rarely follows its case, as in Il.23.650, A. Ag.1277, Ig5(1).1119 (Geronthrae, iv B.C.), AP7.715 (Leon.); but the Gramm. hold that it never suffers anastrophe.

C IN COMPOS. it signifies,

1 over against, opposite, as ἀντιβαίνω, ἀντίπορος.

2 against, in opposition to, as ἀντιλέγω, ἀντίβιος.

3 one against another, mutually, as ἀντιδεξιόομαι.

4 in return, as ἀντιβοηθέω.

5 instead of, as ἀντιβασιλεύς, ἀνθύπατος.

6 equal to, like, as ἀντίθεος, ἀντίπαις, ἀντίδουλος.

7 corresponding, counter, as ἀντίφορτος, ἀντίτυπος.